which of the following best describes research findings on the genetics of obesity?
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Obesity
Overweight and obesity are defined every bit abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A trunk mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese. The issue has grown to epidemic proportions, with over 4 million people dying each year equally a result of beingness overweight or obese in 2017 according to the global burden of illness.
Rates of overweight and obesity keep to grow in adults and children. From 1975 to 2016, the prevalence of overweight or obese children and adolescents aged 5–19 years increased more than than 4-fold from 4% to 18% globally.
Obesity is one side of the double burden of malnutrition, and today more people are obese than underweight in every region except sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Once considered a problem only in high-income countries, overweight and obesity are at present dramatically on the rise in depression- and heart-income countries, particularly in urban settings. The vast bulk of overweight or obese children live in developing countries, where the rate of increment has been more than 30% higher than that of adult countries
Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke, which are the leading causes of expiry worldwide. Being overweight can besides lead to diabetes and its associated atmospheric condition, including incomprehension, limb amputations, and the need for dialysis. Rates of diabetes have quadrupled since around the world since 1980. Conveying excess weight can lead to musculoskeletal disorders including osteoarthritis. Obesity is besides associated with some cancers, including endometrial, breast, ovarian, prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney and colon. The risk of these noncommunicable diseases increases even when a person is merely slightly overweight and grows more serious every bit the body mass alphabetize (BMI) climbs.
Obesity in childhood is associated with a wide range of serious health complications and an increased gamble of premature onset of related illnesses. Studies have institute that without intervention, children and adolescents with obesity will likely continue to be obese into machismo.
Many of the causes of overweight and obesity are preventable and reversable. Still, no country has all the same to contrary the growth of this epidemic. Although other factors are involved, the fundamental cause of obesity is an imbalance of calories consumed and calories expended. As global diets have changed in recent decades, there has been an increase in the consumption of free energy-dense foods high in fat and gratuitous sugars. There has also been a decrease in physical activity due to the irresolute nature of many types of piece of work, more access to transportation and increased urbanization.
Lowering the risk of overweight and obesity includes reducing the number of calories consumed from fats and sugars, increasing the portion of daily intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and nuts, and engaging in regular physical activity (hr per day for children and 150 minutes per week for adults). In babies, studies have shown that exclusive breastfeeding from birth to half-dozen months of historic period reduces the gamble of infants becoming overweight or obese.
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Source: https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity
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